Early Use of SCADA

SCADA

December 12, 2017

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) technology is nothing new to automation and control experts, who are accustomed to implementing the system using modern technology, but it wasn’t always so. Early integrators faced a variety of challenges, most prominent among them the lack of computing power, particularly with mobile equipment (laptops, tablets, smartphones) that weren’t available in the late 80’s and early 90’s.

However, that does not mean that integration was impossible, and in fact in the early 90’s a number of sectors were getting quite excited about the advancing power of computers and the implications it would have for SCADA. The water industry in particular was an early proponent of the technology.

In this edition of Looking Back we will consider a paper published in the Journal of the American Water Works Association. The article titled Scada trends and integration perspectives was written by Lawrence A. Jentgen and Mark G Wehmeyer in 1994.[1]

The article takes care to fully outline exactly what SCADA is, identifies recent trends that the authors believed would have a significant affect on the future of SCADA system technology, and finally takes a close look at the implementation of the system by the Navajo Tribal Utility Authority. For our purposes we can skip over the definition of SCADA, but we will briefly consider the so-called trends for the future, and will look at the use of the system in the identified case study. The ideas are rather intuitive for 1994, but of course could not wholly understand how fast technology would advance. As we look back at he trends surrounding SCADA 23 years ago consider closely what you know about it today, and just how little we might also know when we think of how far technology may advance in the coming 23 years.

The authors note that “planners of future utility control systems should consider recent trends in five areas of SCADA system technology: (1) high-performance hardware and software, (2) open systems, (3) relational database management systems, (4) utilities communication architecture standards, and (5) digital radio technology.”[2]

The consideration of high-performance hardware and software is an obvious choice to consider for SCADA users particularly in the early 90’s when computers systems were gaining substantial power and were already then greatly improving the price-to-performance ratio of SCADA systems.[3] The increase in CPU power was at the time attributed to the introduction of reduced-instruction-set computer (RISC) and complex-instruction-set-computer (CISC) processors increased the power of central processing units. “The use of high-speed CPU permits the application of high-resolution graphics and computationally intense applications software. The lower cost and reduced packaging allow the distribution of applications such as water models, economic pump control, and historical data storage on multiple computer systems.”[4] Further because of computing power meant clients became more reliable independent hardware and software, a fact that today we take for granted as most of us carry a device in our pocket that has more power than independent computers from the early 90’s.

Open systems are something we are still talking about and in the early 90’s the authors were quick to note how effective industry standards to make components of SCADA systems interchangeable would be.[5] At the time they were still working to fully define “openness” but the authors identified that “open-systems computing has two components – application portability and interoperability.”[6] If we consider their theory than we have largely succeeded. We may not be fully there in terms of standardization cross the board for control and automation components, but advanced technology has made systems and control portable and system integration has significantly advanced interoperability.

We need not go into substantial detail regarding management systems and communication. Suffice it to say our technology and recent advancements in IoT have largely eliminated many of the management and communication issues that were prominent in the past.

It is interesting to look at the application of a SCADA system for the 90’s to identify the hurdles that were faced then and compare them to the challenges of system implementation in today’s world. Below is a selection of the case study from the article on the implementation of a SCADA system.

“New SCADA system designs consider SCADA to be an important way to channel actual utility operating information into an integrated utility management model. This concept of SCADA integration is exemplified by the manner in which the Navajo Tribal Utility Authority (NTUA) approached the design and implementation of its SCADA system. The system’s goal is information integration with other utility information and control systems (e.g., business systems, facility management systems, and distribution automation systems).

The SCADA system will provide the interconnection between the utility systems and the information systems. The NTUA is a combined water, electric, and gas utility that provides service to 24,000 electric, 17,500 water, 7,000 wastewater, and 6,000 gas customers scattered in a 25,000-sq-mi service territory in the Four Corners area where Colorado, Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico meet. The NTUA has seven multiutility districts that provide customer support to the entire Navajo Nation. Implementation of the SCADA system – and ultimately of the integrated utility management system (IUMS) – will enable the NTUA to provide more efficient service to customers. The SCADA system has been designed with a built-in capability for transfer of data between the real-time SCADA system and the information systems. An RDMS with direct access to the SCADA database has been incorporated into the SCADA system, which is also closely coupled with the utility’s AM/FM-GIS capabilities.

The operations center and remote district offices will have access to GlS developed utility maps and facility management information over the SCADA system wide-area network (WAN). The system is designed to operate in an open- systems environment using DEC Alpha processors, a POSIX-compliant operating system, and X-Windows’ MOTIF graphical user interface standards. Intra utility computer communications are over the NTUA’s digital microwave system, and remote sites communicate via 900-MHz radios. To understand how the SCADA project will relate to other existing or proposed NTUA information systems, refer to Figure 7, which reflects the major components of the IUMS. The lower part of the model identifies the three sources of utility data for the SCADA system (water-wastewater, electricity, and gas) and depicts how they are linked to the core of a shared database. This relational database forms the basis for all current and future information integration

The NTUA’s integration of SCADA with its other utility applications is an example of the opportunities that can be realized when SCADA planning considers integration. In many cases, material and human resources can be optimized in the development of utility wide applications.”

Although a variety of challenges have remained the same technology has both made the use SCADA far more viable, but likewise presents a new set of challenges and directions. Panel Builder & Systems Integrator would love to get you opinion on this. Send us your thoughts and considerations, or better write a response piece or an article on the challenges and how you overcome them when working with SCADA system technology.

Send your thoughts or response pieces to: owenhurst@Kerrwil.com

 Jentgen, Lawrence A. and Wehmeyer, Mark G. “SCADA trends and integration perspectives,” In American Water Works Association Journal 86 (7) (1994), pp. 44-53

[1] Jentgen, Lawrence A. and Wehmeyer, Mark G. “SCADA trends and integration perspectives,” In American Water Works Association Journal 86 (7) (1994), pp. 44-53

[2] P. 45

[3] P. 45

[4] P. 45

[5] P.48

[6] P.48

Related Articles


Changing Scene

  • Wesco Opens State-of-the-Art Facility in Eastern Canada to Support Influx of Megaprojects in the Region

    Wesco Opens State-of-the-Art Facility in Eastern Canada to Support Influx of Megaprojects in the Region

    Wesco International has recently announced the grand opening of a new state-of-the-art facility on Higney Avenue in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, making this the largest facility of any distributor in the Atlantic region. The new building, facilitated by Touchette Real Estate, a division of Groupe Touchette, will feature Wesco’s comprehensive suite of services and solutions including… Read More…

  • PataBid Nominated for Canadian Choice Award in Software Services

    PataBid Nominated for Canadian Choice Award in Software Services

    PataBid is proud to announce its nomination for a Canadian Choice Award in the Software Services category. This recognition highlights PataBid’s commitment to supporting the electrical contracting community across Canada by providing innovative estimating software solutions that streamline estimating processes and ensure predictable and profitable projects. Read More…


Sponsored Content
The Easy Way to the Industrial IoT

The way to the Industrial IoT does not have to be complicated. Whether access to valuable data is required or new, data-driven services are to be generated, Weidmuller enables its customers to go from data to value the easy way. Weidmuller’s comprehensive and cutting-edge IIoT portfolio applies to greenfield and brownfield applications. Weidmuller offers components and solutions from data acquisition, data pre-processing, data communication and data analysis.

Visit Weidmuller’s Industrial IoT Portfolio.


ADVANCED Motion Controls Takes Servo Drives to New Heights (and Depths) with FlexPro Extended Environment Product Line

Advanced Motion Controls is proud to announce the addition of six new CANopen servo drives with Extended Environment capabilities to their FlexPro line. These new drives join AMC’s existing EtherCAT Extended Environment FlexPro drives, making the FlexPro line the go-to solution for motion control applications in harsh environments.

Many motion control applications take place in conditions that are less than ideal, such as extreme temperatures, high and low pressures, shocks and vibrations, and contamination. Electronics, including servo drives, can malfunction or sustain permanent damage in these conditions.

Read More


Service Wire Co. Announces New Titles for Key Executives

Bruce Kesler and Mark Gatewood have been given new titles and responsibilities for Service Wire Co.

Bruce Kesler has assumed the role of Senior Director – Business Development. Bruce will be responsible for Service Wire’s largest strategic accounts and our growing Strategic Accounts Team.

Mark Gatewood has been promoted to the role of Vice President – Sales & Marketing. In this role, Gatewood will lead the efforts of Service Wire Company’s entire sales and marketing organization in all market verticals.

Read More


Tri-Mach Announces the Purchase of an Additional 45,000 sq ft. Facility

Tri-Mach Elmira Facility

Recently, Tri-Mach Inc. was thrilled to announce the addition of a new 45,000 sq ft. facility. Located at 285 Union St., Elmira, ON, this facility expands Tri-Mach’s capabilities, allowing them to better serve the growing needs of their customers.

Positioning for growth, this additional facility will allow Tri-Mach to continue taking on large-scale projects, enhance product performance testing, and provide equipment storage for their customers. The building will also be the new home to their Skilled Trades Centre of Excellence.

Read More


JMP Parent Company, CONVERGIX Acquires AGR Automation, Expanding Global Reach

Convergix Automation Solutions has completed the acquisition of AGR Automation (“AGR”), a UK-based provider of custom, high-performance automation design and systems integration primarily to the life sciences industry.

Following Convergix’s acquisitions of JMP Solutions in August 2021 and Classic Design in February 2022, AGR marks the third investment in Crestview’s strategy to build Convergix into a diversified automation solutions provider targeting the global $500+ billion market, with a particular focus on the $70 billion global systems integration and connectivity segments. Financial terms of the transaction were not disclosed.

Read More


Latest Articles

  • How Advanced X-Ray and AI Inspection Technologies Optimize Quality Control and Reduce Costs in SMT Manufacturing

    How Advanced X-Ray and AI Inspection Technologies Optimize Quality Control and Reduce Costs in SMT Manufacturing

    Explore how Omron’s latest X-Ray machines and AI-driven solutions are setting new standards in manufacturing efficiency and quality control. The manufacturing landscape is swiftly evolving, and Omron is at the forefront with its innovative PCB inspection machines. These systems offer profound insights into SMT production process, enhanced quality control, and can significantly reduce labor costs. Advancements… Read More…

  • KUKA Establishes New Software and Digital Business Segment

    KUKA Establishes New Software and Digital Business Segment

    Software is playing an increasingly important role in mechanical engineering. What used to be mostly solved mechanically is now done by electronics and the associated software. “With KUKA Digital, we are expanding our offering in order to position ourselves broadly for a market with strong growth potential. Our customers need products, solutions and consulting approaches to digitalize… Read More…